PMS | Lecture 20
PMS | Lecture 20
AI Mind Map
Interactive visualization of lecture concepts
No Mind Map Yet
Generate an AI-powered mind map to visualize lecture concepts
Files & Documents
1 file available for download
Focus
Quiz Questions (3 questions)
1. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide asymmetrically. This means they produce one daughter cell that remains a stem cell, retaining the potential for further division, while the other daughter cell differentiates to replace damaged and worn-out cells in adult tissues and organs.
2. Progenitor cells are the daughter cells of stem cells. They have reduced potentiality, meaning they are committed to a specific cell lineage. Unlike stem cells, progenitor cells divide infrequently and the cells they form are typically terminally differentiated.
3. In the human body, cells of connective tissue (C.T.) renew slowly, while cells of nervous tissue and cardiac muscle never renew. In contrast, cells of the skin, blood, and epithelium of the gut renew rapidly, reflecting their roles in dynamic and high-turnover environments.
Previous Exam Questions (21 questions)
1. Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation, meaning they have the unique ability to reproduce themselves and transform into a variety of specialized cells, which is crucial for growth, repair, and regeneration in the body.
2. Epithelial stem cells are NOT considered a type of stem cell in the context given, as the typical categories include embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), each with distinct origins and capabilities.
3. Embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent, which means they have the capacity to differentiate into nearly any cell type in the body, making them extremely versatile for developmental processes and potential therapeutic applications.
4. Hemopoietic stem cells can differentiate into any type of blood cell, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, which is essential for maintaining the body’s blood and immune system.
5. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are created by reprogramming adult stem cells, a process that involves converting mature cells back into a stem cell-like state, thereby gaining the ability to differentiate into various cell types, similar to naturally occurring pluripotent cells.
6. Digestive tract epithelium has a rapidly renewing cell population, meaning the cells lining the digestive tract are replaced frequently to maintain its function and integrity, a process critical for effective digestion and nutrient absorption.
7. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into all of the following: muscle cells, bone cells, and cartilage cells, but NOT nerve cells, as they are primarily involved in forming connective tissues rather than neural tissues.
8. The term 'pluripotent' refers to the ability of stem cells to differentiate into any mature cell type within the body, which makes them highly valuable for developmental studies and regenerative medicine.
9. The main therapeutic use of hemopoietic stem cells is bone marrow transplantation, a life-saving procedure used to treat conditions like leukemia and other blood disorders by restoring healthy blood cell production.
10. Nerve cells cannot divide and regenerate in the body, which means that damage to neurons, for example in spinal cord injuries, often results in permanent deficits because these cells lack the ability to self-renew or proliferate.
11. Stem cells are found in all of the following tissues: brain, skin, and liver, but NOT in heart muscle, as mature cardiac cells have limited regenerative capacity compared to other tissues.
12. The clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells in heart treatment is to regenerate cardiac muscle after ischemia, which is damage caused by restricted blood flow, highlighting their potential in repairing heart tissue post-injury.
13. Plasticity of stem cells refers to the ability to transform from one differentiation line to another, which means they can switch their developmental pathway, a property that enhances their therapeutic potential across various medical fields.
14. Progenitor cells are characterized by rapid division and commitment to a specific lineage, meaning they are partially differentiated cells that can proliferate and produce cells of a particular type, crucial for tissue maintenance and repair.
15. A source of stem cells for therapeutic purposes is adipose tissue, which contains mesenchymal stem cells that can be harvested and used for regenerative therapies, unlike red blood cells or muscle fibers, which do not contain stem cells.
16. In stable cell populations, differentiated cells undergo slow/episodic division to maintain tissue integrity, which means that these cells do not divide frequently but can be triggered to divide under certain conditions, such as injury or cellular loss, ensuring the tissue remains functional and healthy.
17. Regarding the cell turnover rate, skin cells are rapidly renewing cells, which means they have a high proliferation rate. This rapid turnover is crucial because it allows the skin to constantly renew itself and repair damage, maintaining a protective barrier against environmental threats.
18. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells, which means they have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, including bone, cartilage, and fat cells. This feature makes them highly valuable in regenerative medicine, as they can be used to repair or replace damaged tissues.
19. Enumerate two characters of stem cells: 1. Small population, meaning that stem cells are present in limited numbers within tissues, making them a rare but essential component of tissue regeneration. 2. Divide infrequently, indicating that stem cells do not constantly divide, but rather maintain a quiescent state until activated by specific physiological demands.
20. List TWO types of stem cells: 1. Embryonic stem cells, which are derived from the early embryo and have the capability to differentiate into any cell type in the body, making them pluripotent. 2. Adult stem cells, such as hemopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells, which are found in various tissues and have a more limited differentiation potential compared to embryonic stem cells.
21. Enumerate TWO characters of stem cells: a. Self-renewal, which is the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state. b. Potency, which refers to the potential of a stem cell to differentiate into different cell types, ranging from totipotent, pluripotent, to multipotent, depending on the stem cell type.
Content processed on Oct 19, 2025 10:00 PM
Slide Explanations
PMSLecture20
Lecture Summary
📚 AI-Generated Summary
Comprehensive analysis of lecture content
**Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal** The study of **stem cells** and their role in **tissue renewal** is fundamental to understanding regenerative medicine and biological development. **Stem cells** are defined as **undifferentiated cells** with the remarkable capacities of **self-renewal** and **diff...
Flashcards
Total Cards
54
Due for Review
-
Mastered
-
Quick Preview
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of differentiating into specialize...
What characterizes stem cells in terms of differentiation an...
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiatio...
How do stem cells contribute to tissue repair in adults?
In adults, stem cells and progenitor cells serve as a repair system, replenishin...
Available Quizzes
Quiz for PMS | Lecture 20
12 QuestionsAI-generated quiz for PMS | Lecture 20
Important Quiz 1 of 3 for PMS | Lecture 20
15 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 1 of 3)
Important Quiz 2 of 3 for PMS | Lecture 20
15 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 2 of 3)
Important Quiz 3 of 3 for PMS | Lecture 20
10 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 3 of 3)
This may take a few minutes