RRS | Lecture 27
RRS | Lecture 27
AI Mind Map
Interactive visualization of lecture concepts
No Mind Map Yet
Generate an AI-powered mind map to visualize lecture concepts
Files & Documents
1 file available for download
Focus
Quiz Questions (7 questions)
1. Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.
2. Salbutamol is a medication that works by inducing bronchodilation, which is the widening of the airways to improve airflow and relieve symptoms of bronchial asthma.
3. The inhalational route is often preferred for administering medications like salbutamol in bronchial asthma, as it delivers the drug directly to the lungs for quick relief.
4. Inhaled corticosteroids can be used in conjunction with bronchodilators like salbutamol to potentiate their effect and provide better control of asthma symptoms.
5. Muscle tremors are a common side effect associated with the use of beta-agonist medications like salbutamol, which act on the muscles of the airways.
6. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can induce bronchospasm and precipitate an acute asthmatic attack, making it unsuitable for patients with asthma.
7. Alternative medications such as atenolol, captopril, and hydrochlorothiazide can be considered instead of propranolol for managing hypertension in patients with asthma.
Previous Exam Questions (24 questions)
1. The treatment of an acute attack of bronchial asthma with inhaled terbutaline relies on its function as a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist, which relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, leading to bronchodilation and relief of symptoms like dyspnea and wheezing.
2. The most common side effect of inhaled fluticasone is oropharyngeal candidiasis. This occurs because the corticosteroid suppresses local immune function in the mouth and throat, making it easier for fungal infections to develop.
3. Salmeterol is used for prophylaxis against bronchial asthma attacks because it is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist that provides prolonged bronchodilation, reducing the frequency of asthma symptoms when used regularly.
4. Methylxanthines, which are competitive inhibitors of adenosine receptors, are used to treat asthma not as first-line drugs but due to their bronchodilating properties, especially in chronic management when other treatments are insufficient.
5. Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn sodium, induce stabilization of mast cells upon exposure to allergens, preventing the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, thus reducing the frequency of asthma attacks.
6. Zafirlukast is preferred in prophylactic treatment of aspirin-induced asthma because it is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which blocks the effects of leukotrienes that mediate inflammation and bronchoconstriction triggered by aspirin in sensitive individuals.
7. Glucocorticoids inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism through inhibition of phospholipase A2, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are involved in the inflammatory response in asthma.
8. Intravenous methylprednisolone is prescribed for asthma that did not respond to inhaled salbutamol because it is a potent corticosteroid that provides systemic anti-inflammatory effects to control severe asthma exacerbations.
9. As an asthmatic patient, avoiding aspirin is crucial because it can trigger bronchoconstriction and worsen asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals, potentially leading to a severe asthma attack.
10. Salbutamol is prescribed to relieve an acute asthma attack because it is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist that rapidly relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in quick bronchodilation and alleviation of breathing difficulties.
11. The drug salbutamol works by selective stimulation of beta2 adrenoceptors, primarily located in the bronchial smooth muscle, where it induces muscle relaxation and bronchodilation, alleviating symptoms of asthma.
12. Salbutamol's bronchodilator activity is associated with an increase in myocardial contractility due to its beta2-adrenergic agonist activity, which can also affect beta1 receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate and force of contraction.
13. Frequent tremors appear as a major side effect of salbutamol due to its stimulation of beta2 receptors in skeletal muscle, leading to involuntary muscle contractions and tremors, especially with higher doses or frequent use.
14. A selective beta2-adrenergic agonist reduces bronchospasm by selectively stimulating beta2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscles, leading to muscle relaxation and airway dilation, effectively relieving asthma symptoms.
15. Combining long-acting beta2 agonists (LABAs) with corticosteroids in chronic asthma management is primarily to prevent downregulation of beta2 receptors and enhance anti-inflammatory effects, improving overall asthma control.
16. Corticosteroids alleviate inflammation in bronchial asthma by reducing inflammatory cell activation and cytokine release through regulation of gene expression, which diminishes airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
17. Inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonist combination is commonly administered as long-term maintenance therapy for bronchial asthma, providing both anti-inflammatory effects and sustained bronchodilation to manage chronic symptoms.
18. The correct route of administration for cromolyn sodium to prevent asthma recurrence is by inhalation, which allows the drug to directly reach the respiratory tract and stabilize mast cells, preventing the release of inflammatory mediators.
19. In the event of a severe asthma attack unresponsive to initial treatments, the most appropriate intervention is intravenous methylprednisolone, as it provides rapid systemic anti-inflammatory effects to control severe and life-threatening exacerbations.
20. Methylxanthines are a group of bronchodilators with a narrow margin of safety, which means they require careful dosing and monitoring due to potential side effects such as cardiac arrhythmias and seizures.
21. Omalizumab is a recombinant monoclonal antibody targeted against free IgE in asthmatics, which helps reduce allergic responses by preventing IgE from binding to mast cells and basophils, thereby decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators.
22. The rapidly developing adverse effect of selective beta agonists that reduces their therapeutic effectiveness during the course of treatment of bronchial asthma is called tolerance, which refers to the decreased responsiveness to the medication over time, necessitating higher doses or alternative treatments.
23. Salbutamol is a beta2-adrenergic agonist, typically used for mild to moderate asthma attacks due to its bronchodilating activity, which works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways and providing quick relief from symptoms.
24. To prevent recurrence of acute bronchial asthma, a drug like cromolyn sodium may be prescribed for its mast cell stabilizing action, which prevents the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells, reducing inflammation and preventing asthma attacks.
Content processed on Oct 17, 2025 4:13 PM
Slide Explanations
RRSLecture27
Lecture Summary
📚 AI-Generated Summary
Comprehensive analysis of lecture content
**Understanding Bronchial Asthma: Pathophysiology and Management** **Bronchial Asthma** is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that presents a significant challenge in both diagnosis and management. Characterized by variable and recurring symptoms like **dyspnea** (shortness of breath), *...
Flashcards
Total Cards
74
Due for Review
-
Mastered
-
Quick Preview
What is the mechanism of action for Salbutamol in treating b...
Salbutamol acts as a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist, leading to relaxation o...
What is bronchial asthma?
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized...
Why is the inhalational route preferred for administering Sa...
The inhalational route is preferred because it delivers the medication directly...
Available Quizzes
Quiz for RRS | Lecture 27
16 QuestionsAI-generated quiz for RRS | Lecture 27
Important Quiz 1 of 5 for RRS | Lecture 27
15 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 1 of 5)
Important Quiz 2 of 5 for RRS | Lecture 27
15 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 2 of 5)
Important Quiz 3 of 5 for RRS | Lecture 27
15 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 3 of 5)
Important Quiz 4 of 5 for RRS | Lecture 27
15 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 4 of 5)
Important Quiz 5 of 5 for RRS | Lecture 27
2 QuestionsAI-generated quiz from important highlighted content (Part 5 of 5)
This may take a few minutes