PMS | Lecture 9
PMS | Lecture 9
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Quiz Questions (25 questions)
1. The coronal plane is an anatomical plane which divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts, often used in imaging and anatomical descriptions.
2. The transverse plane divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts, often used in cross-sectional imaging.
3. The term 'medial' refers to a structure situated nearer to the median plane of the body than another structure, indicating closeness to the midline.
4. The patella, known as the knee cap, is a sesamoid bone that sits within the quadriceps tendon and protects the knee joint.
5. The humerus is classified as a long bone, characterized by a shaft and two ends, found in the upper arm and involved in arm movement.
6. A vertebra is an irregular bone forming part of the vertebral column, providing structural support and protecting the spinal cord.
7. Circumduction is a circular movement that is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, commonly seen in ball and socket joints like the shoulder.
8. Smooth muscle makes up the muscular portion of various visceral organs, involuntary and non-striated, controlling movements in the digestive tract, blood vessels, and other organs.
9. A bipennate muscle has two rows of muscle fibers with a central tendon, resembling a feather, and is designed for powerful contractions.
10. A suture is an example of a fibrous joint, found in the skull, where bones are tightly bound together by fibrous tissue.
11. The interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna is a fibrous joint, providing stability while allowing some movement between the bones.
12. The elbow joint is classified as a hinge synovial joint, allowing flexion and extension movements similar to the opening and closing of a door.
13. The hip joint is an example of a ball and socket synovial joint, allowing multiaxial movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
14. Hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells, primarily takes place in the red bone marrow, found in the cavities of certain bones.
15. Pneumatic bones, such as those found in the skull, contain air spaces and help to lighten the skull's weight while maintaining strength.
16. Sesamoid bones are small masses of bone that develop within tendons, such as the patella, and help to protect tendons from stress and wear.
17. The shaft, or diaphysis, is the central part of a long bone, providing structural support and serving as a site for red and yellow marrow.
18. Ribs and the sternum are parts of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, providing support and protection for the body's vital organs.
19. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, providing a barrier to infection, regulating moisture, and protecting against environmental damage.
20. The superficial fascia is the second envelope of the body, located beneath the skin, containing fat and connective tissue, and providing insulation and padding.
21. The deep fascia is the third envelope of the body, surrounding muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels, and providing support and separation between different structures.
22. Medial rotation at the shoulder joint involves rotating the arm towards the body's midline, important in various movements and functional tasks.
23. The biceps brachii is an example of a fusiform muscle, characterized by a spindle shape with a thick middle and tapered ends, important in flexion and supination of the forearm.
24. An antagonist muscle opposes the action of the prime mover (agonist), helping to control movement and maintain balance and coordination.
25. The capsule is the deep fascia around the kidney, providing support and protection, and helping to maintain the position of the organ within the abdominal cavity.
Previous Exam Questions (15 questions)
1. The hinge type of joints are uniaxial joints which means they allow movement in one plane, similar to a door hinge, permitting flexion and extension movements like in the elbow joint. However, these joints are not biaxial because biaxial joints allow movement in two planes.
2. The intervertebral disc is a secondary cartilaginous joint, also known as a symphysis, which means it's a type of joint where bones are joined by fibrocartilage, allowing limited movement, like the discs between the vertebrae.
3. Cartilaginous joints are primarily classified as either primary or secondary, and they are not immovable. Primary cartilaginous joints, or synchondroses, are immovable, while secondary cartilaginous joints, or symphyses, allow limited movement.
4. The suture is a fibrous joint, which connects bones with fibrous tissue and is typically immovable, such as those found between the bones of the skull.
5. Synovial joints are the most mobile type of joints, characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, and they are not the least mobile. Hilton's law explains that the nerves supplying a joint are the same as those supplying the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their attachments.
6. The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, which is a type of synovial joint that allows for a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, similar to the shoulder joint.
7. The elbow joint is an example of a hinge synovial joint, which allows for movements like flexion and extension, similar to a door hinge, and is one of the most common types of synovial joints.
8. The growth plate, or epiphyseal plate, is associated with primary cartilaginous joints, which are known as synchondroses. These joints are made up of hyaline cartilage and are responsible for the growth in length of long bones.
9. Gomphosis is a type of fibrous joint where a conical peg fits into a socket, like the root of a tooth attached to the periodontal ligament held into a tooth socket.
10. Most joints in the human body are synovial, which are freely movable, while fibrous joints are united by fibrous tissue and typically immovable. Multiaxial joints, like the shoulder and hip, allow movements around multiple axes.
11. The sutures of the skull are fibrous joints, which consist of interlocking bones held together by fibrous tissue allowing little to no movement, providing stability to the skull during brain growth and protection.
12. The intervertebral disc is a secondary cartilaginous joint, which consists of fibrocartilage that provides cushioning and flexibility to the spine, allowing for movement and absorbing shock during activities like walking and jumping.
13. A joint in which the bones are held together by a hyaline cartilage is called a primary cartilaginous joint, also known as a synchondrosis, which is typically temporary and found in growth plates during development, allowing for bone growth.
14. The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is considered a saddle joint, which allows for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, and opposition, enabling the thumb's wide range of motion crucial for grasping and manipulating objects.
15. Fibrous joints are those where the bones are connected together by fibrous tissue, with no movement, providing stability. Types of fibrous joints include sutures (e.g., between bones of the skull), gomphosis (e.g., joint connecting the root of the tooth to its socket), and syndesmosis (e.g., interosseous membrane connecting between the radius and ulna).
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PMSLecture9
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**Anatomical Planes and Directions** In the study of human anatomy, understanding the various planes and directions is crucial for accurately describing locations and movements within the body. The **coronal plane**, also known as the frontal plane, divides the body into anterior (front) and poster...
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