PMS | Lecture 4
PMS | Lecture 4
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Quiz Questions (9 questions)
1. The prokaryotic cell lacks a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing it from eukaryotic cells which have these features.
2. Oligosaccharide chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins constitute the glycocalyx, a carbohydrate-rich zone on the cell surface that plays a role in cell recognition and adhesion.
3. With electron microscopy, the plasma membrane displays a trilaminar appearance due to its three-layered structure consisting of two electron-dense layers separated by an electron-lucent layer.
4. Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis, a cellular process in which the cell engulfs extracellular fluid to internalize nutrients and other substances.
5. Cholesterol restricts the movement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane, providing stability and fluidity to the membrane structure.
6. Bulk movement of macromolecules into the cell by formation of vesicles is known as endocytosis, which includes processes like phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
7. Peripheral proteins are membrane proteins that are bound to the surface of the membrane, often on the cytoplasmic side, playing roles in signaling and maintaining the cell's shape.
8. In the plasma membrane, phospholipids are organized into a bilayer, creating a semi-permeable barrier essential for cell integrity and function.
9. Integral proteins are directly incorporated within the phospholipid bilayer, serving as channels, transporters, and receptors crucial for cellular communication and transport.
Previous Exam Questions (16 questions)
1. The process called exocytosis is the bulk movement of macromolecules out of the cell. This occurs when secretory vesicles within the cell fuse with the plasma membrane, allowing the contents to be released into the extracellular space. It's like the cell is packaging up materials it doesn't need and sending them out, similar to taking out the trash.
2. The glycocalyx is formed of glycoproteins and glycolipids. This structure is a carbohydrate-rich zone on the cell surface that plays a role in cell recognition and protection, kind of like a sugary coating that helps cells identify each other and interact appropriately.
3. The plasma membrane (P.M.) has a thickness of 7-10 nm. This thin barrier is crucial for maintaining the cell's environment, much like the walls of a house that keep the interior separated from the outside world.
4. A eukaryotic cell is one which has a well-defined nucleus. This nucleus houses the cell's genetic material, acting like the command center that controls all cellular functions.
5. Peripheral proteins are loosely associated with one of the two membrane surfaces, particularly on the cytoplasmic side. They can be thought of as temporary staff members that assist in various cellular processes but aren't embedded in the membrane.
6. Endocytosis means the bulk movement of macromolecules into the cell by the formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane. It's like the cell is taking a gulp of its surroundings, bringing in nutrients or other molecules it needs.
7. Integral membrane proteins may occupy a part of the cell membrane or extend across it. These proteins are critical for various functions, like channels or transporters, acting as gateways for materials entering and leaving the cell.
8. Regarding the cell membrane, one false statement is that its dry weight is composed of 20% proteins, 5% lipids, and 40% oligosaccharides. In reality, the cell membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids, with carbohydrates forming a smaller portion, giving it a complex and dynamic nature.
9. In the plasma membrane, there are two types of proteins: integral proteins and peripheral proteins. Integral proteins are those that span across the membrane, often serving as channels or transporters, while peripheral proteins are loosely attached to one side of the membrane, typically on the cytoplasmic side, playing roles in signaling pathways.
10. The glycocalyx is formed of carbohydrates attached to both lipid and protein components of the plasma membrane. This structure provides a protective barrier and is involved in cell recognition, as it is rich in glycoproteins and glycolipids.
11. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis which means the ingestion of particles into the cell. This process is crucial for the immune system, as cells like macrophages use phagocytosis to engulf and digest pathogens and debris.
12. With an electron microscope, the plasma membrane has a trilaminar appearance. This means it appears as three distinct layers: two dark layers on the outside and a lighter layer in the middle, reflecting its structure as a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
13. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that is located outer to the plasma membrane, providing structural support and protection. They are smaller than eukaryotic cells and lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which makes them less complex in structure but efficient in certain environments.
14. Exocytosis means bulk movement of macromolecules out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane. This process is essential for the secretion of substances such as hormones and neurotransmitters, allowing cells to communicate and interact with their environment.
15. Exocytosis: Means bulk movement of macromolecules out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane, facilitating the release of substances like enzymes and waste products. Endocytosis: Means bulk movement of macromolecules into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane, enabling the uptake of nutrients and the internalization of receptors.
16. Membrane proteins serve as selective gateways for most small molecules entering the cell. Ion Channels are transmembrane proteins forming pores through which ions such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+ pass selectively, crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and transmitting nerve impulses. Carriers are transmembrane proteins that bind specific molecules and deliver them to the other side of the membrane, playing key roles in nutrient uptake and waste removal.
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**Chapter: Understanding the Plasma Membrane and Cellular Processes** The **plasma membrane**, also known as the **plasmalemma**, is a critical component of eukaryotic cells. It envelops every eukaryotic cell, defining its outer boundary and playing a key role in maintaining the cell's integrity an...
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What is the structural difference between prokaryotic and eu...
Prokaryotic cells lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, unlike...
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell is a type of cell that is larger than a prokaryotic cell, has...
What role does cholesterol play in the plasma membrane?
Cholesterol restricts the movement of phospholipids, providing structural stabil...
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