PMS | Lecture 1
PMS | Lecture 1
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Quiz Questions (25 questions)
1. The coronal plane is an anatomical plane which divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. It's like if you sliced the body from the side, creating a front and back half.
2. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower parts, similar to slicing a sandwich in half horizontally.
3. The term 'medial' refers to a position closer to the midline of the body, like how your nose is medial to your ears.
4. The patella, commonly known as the knee cap, is a small bone located in front of the knee joint. It protects the knee and connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the tibia.
5. The humerus is categorized as a long bone, which is typically longer than it is wide, like your arm or leg bones.
6. The vertebra is an irregular bone, meaning it does not fit into the standard categories of long, short, or flat bones. These bones have complex shapes, like the ones in your spine.
7. Circumduction is a circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, allowing a limb to move in a circular path, like when you make arm circles.
8. Smooth muscle makes up the muscular portion of various visceral organs such as the stomach and intestines, enabling involuntary movements like digestion.
9. Bipennate muscles have two rows of muscle fibers with a central tendon, resembling a feather, allowing for powerful contractions.
10. Sutures are examples of fibrous joints, which are immovable joints found in the skull, where the bones are held tightly together by fibrous tissue.
11. The interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna is a type of fibrous joint, providing stability and allowing for slight rotation, crucial for forearm movements.
12. The elbow joint is a hinge synovial joint, allowing for bending and straightening motions, similar to a door hinge.
13. The hip joint is an example of a ball and socket synovial joint, providing a wide range of motion in multiple directions, like how your hip moves when you walk or dance.
14. Red bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation, which occurs in the spaces of spongy bone, particularly in the pelvis, ribs, and sternum.
15. Pneumatic bones, found in the skull, contain air-filled spaces called sinuses, which reduce the weight of the skull and enhance voice resonance.
16. Sesamoid bones, such as the patella, are small bones embedded within tendons, where they protect the tendon and increase its mechanical effect.
17. The shaft, or diaphysis, is the central part of a long bone, providing strong support and leverage for movement.
18. The ribs and sternum are part of the axial skeleton, which includes the central core of the body such as the skull, spine, and rib cage, providing support and protection for vital organs.
19. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin, acting as a barrier to protect against environmental elements and pathogens.
20. Superficial fascia is the second envelope of the body, lying between the skin and muscles, helping to store fat and facilitate movement between skin and muscles.
21. Deep fascia is the third envelope of the body, surrounding muscles, bones, and nerves, providing support and protection.
22. The rotation at the shoulder joint involves medial rotation, which is the inward turning of the arm towards the body's midline.
23. The biceps brachii muscle is an example of a fusiform muscle, with a spindle shape that allows for efficient contractile strength.
24. An antagonist muscle opposes the action of the prime mover, helping to control and refine movement, like how the triceps oppose the biceps during arm flexion.
25. The capsule is the deep fascia around the kidney, providing structural support and protection, much like a protective sheath.
Previous Exam Questions (26 questions)
1. The thumb, in the anatomical position, is directed laterally. This means when you stand upright with your arms at your sides and palms facing forward, the thumb points away from the body's midline, towards the outer side of the hand.
2. The directional terms in the correct sequence for ventral, posterior, superior, and inferior are anterior, dorsal, cephalic, and caudal. Anterior is the front of the body, dorsal refers to the back, cephalic means towards the head, and caudal indicates towards the tail or feet.
3. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. This vertical plane slices the body from side to side, creating a front (anterior) and back (posterior) section. It's like slicing a loaf of bread to separate the front and back halves.
4. Movement of the limb away from the median plane is termed abduction. This is when you move your arm or leg away from the center line of your body, like when you lift your arm out to the side.
5. The coronal plane is the vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. This plane allows you to view the front and back parts of the body separately, similar to how you might open a book to view each page.
6. Regarding terms of movements, adduction is NOT movement away from the midline. Instead, adduction is bringing a limb closer to the body's midline, like lowering your arm from being outstretched back by your side, which is opposite of abduction.
7. In anatomical position, the forearm is supinated and extended. Supination is when the palm faces forward or upward, and extension means the arm is straight, like when you're holding a bowl of soup.
8. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. This is similar to how you might cut a sandwich to have a front and back half.
9. Moving towards the midline is called adduction. This is when you bring your arm or leg towards the center of your body, like when you close your legs together.
10. Medial rotation of the shoulder joint is always accompanied by pronation of the forearm. Medial rotation is turning towards the body's midline, and pronation is rotating the forearm so the palm faces downwards.
11. The term that refers to the position of a structure closer to the feet is inferior. This means it is located below another structure or towards the lower part of the body.
12. Lateral flexion of the trunk occurs in the coronal plane. This movement involves bending the torso sideways, like when you lean over to the side to stretch.
13. The movement that brings the thumb pad into contact with another digit pad is called opposition. This is unique to the human thumb and allows actions like pinching and grasping.
14. The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves. It runs vertically from top to bottom, splitting the body into two symmetrical sides, like a mirror image.
15. The term describing a structure nearer to the back of the body is posterior. It refers to the back side of the body, like the back of your hand or the heel of your foot.
16. Sagittal planes divide the body into right and left unequal halves, which is important for understanding anatomical asymmetries during surgical procedures. The midsagittal plane, in contrast, divides the body into equal right and left halves, a reference often used in neuroanatomy to describe structures that are symmetrical.
17. In the anatomical position, the thumb is directed laterally, meaning it points away from the body's midline. This orientation is significant because it standardizes anatomical references, allowing healthcare professionals to consistently describe locations and directions on the body.
18. The movement of a limb away from the median plane is termed abduction. Abduction is crucial in activities such as raising your arms out to the sides or spreading your fingers. It involves muscles like the deltoid in the shoulder and the gluteus medius in the hip.
19. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts, which is essential in imaging techniques like CT scans that provide cross-sectional views of the body, assisting in diagnosing conditions based on spatial orientation.
20. The forearm in anatomical position is supinated and extended, meaning the palm faces forward and the elbow is straight. This position serves as a reference point in anatomy and is pivotal when discussing movements or injuries of the upper limb.
21. Medial rotation of the shoulder joint is always accompanied by pronation of the forearm, which involves turning the palm downwards. This coordinated movement is significant in actions like throwing a ball, where both shoulder and forearm movements are synchronized.
22. A structure that is closer to the feet is referred to as inferior. This term is vital in describing the anatomical position and helps in identifying the relative position of body parts, such as when distinguishing between the superior and inferior vena cava in the circulatory system.
23. Lateral flexion of the trunk occurs in the coronal plane, which involves bending the body to the side. This movement is facilitated by muscles like the obliques and is crucial in maintaining balance and flexibility in activities like dancing or gymnastics.
24. The movement that brings the thumb pad into contact with another digit pad is called opposition. This movement is unique to humans and some primates, enabling complex hand functions like grasping and pinching, essential for fine motor skills.
25. The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves, which is fundamental in anatomical studies and medical imaging to provide a clear view of structures along the midline, such as the spinal cord and brain hemispheres.
26. A structure nearer to the back of the body is described as posterior. Understanding this term is crucial in medical contexts, such as in the description of posterior anatomical features like the vertebral column or the posterior aspect of the heart.
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**Anatomical Planes and Directions** Understanding the **anatomical planes** is crucial for describing locations and movements within the human body. There are three primary planes: the **coronal plane**, the **sagittal plane**, and the **transverse plane**. The **coronal plane** divides the body i...
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